Muqarnas are a three-dimensional architectural ornamental style from the middle of the 10th century and have become a standard feature of Islamic architecture. They can be found in different styles in the Islamic world. Muqarnas are used in vaults, domes, niches and arches.
The "Visualization and Numerical Geometry Group" of the University of Heidelberg has a project for the visualization of muqarnas. Here is their project site.
There the basic geometric forms of the Muqarnas elements are described according to al-Kashi.
Al-Kashi was a major physician, mathematician and astronomer of the Middle Ages. One of his most important works is "Key of Arithmetic". In this work, al-Kashi describes the measurement of Muqarnas.
A Muqarnas is usually designed by drawing the plane projection of the Muqarnas elements.
Shiro Takahashi of the Japanese Tama Art University has created a comprehensive database of plan projections, with which I reconstructed some smaller muqarnas.
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